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George Hartzell wrote:
> I think I just connected the dots to a big reason to work with in the
> 2D space: text is a 2d object and you can't mix it with 3d objects
> like cubes....
Speaking of which, I haven't yet found a decent solution to produce engraved
/ embossed text where the 3D effect is chamfered rather than extruded out at
a straight perpendicular.
I can produce a base layer of 2D text, and using "offset" I can produce the
smaller (still 2D) version that sits at the other end of the "extrusion" but
what I can't do is join those two 2D objects to make a solid.
Do I have to resort to interpolating at multiple different vertical
positions and sizes to progressively dig out the text?
That does work, but produces a much higher surface count than simply joining
the two 2D polygons together vertex-by-vertex would.
For 3D printing it's kinda OK, because I can set the interpolation on the Z
axis to match the print resolution, but if I wanted proper smooth polygons
for other purposes it doesn't look great, either.
Ray
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AFAIK, there is no neat way to do it in OpenSCAD. An approximation may be built with minkowski: it is time-consuming, generates more vertices than needed and rounds the character corners.
chanfer_text("Text","Liberation Sans:style=Bold", 2, 10);
module chanfer_text(text, font, h, ang) { d = h*tan(ang); minkowski(){ linear_extrude(height=h*0.0001) offset(-d) text(text, font=font); linear_extrude(height=h,scale=h*0.0001) circle(d); } }
The offset may be suppressed depending on what you want.
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Varying the second object in Ronaldo's code changes the effect... e.g. the following chamfers at 45 degrees (I think) in the X direction.
chamfer_text("Text","Liberation Sans:style=Bold", 3, 10);
module chamfer_text(text, font, h, ang) {
d = h*tan(ang);
minkowski(){
linear_extrude(height=h*0.0001)
offset(-d)
text(text, font=font);
rotate([90,0,0])
linear_extrude(d) polygon(points=[[-d,0], [d,0],[0,d]]);
}
}
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Here’s my solution to the same problem, using Minkowski… //(c)2018-01-06 Alex Gibson: admg chamfered text module //Licence: Creative Commons [CC BY-SA 4.0] https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ module admg_chamfered_text(some_text_here,text_height,text_depth,chamfer_depth,chamfer_width) { translate([0,0,text_depth-chamfer_depth]) difference() { translate([0,0,-(text_depth-chamfer_depth)]) linear_extrude(text_depth) text(some_text_here,text_height,valign="center",halign="center"); minkowski() { difference() { cube([500,500,text_depth],center=true); translate([0,0,-text_depth]) linear_extrude(text_depth*2) text(some_text_here,text_depth*2,valign="center",halign="center"); } translate([0,0,text_depth/2]) cylinder(chamfer_depth,0,chamfer_width); } } } admg_chamfered_text("hello, world!",20,10,0.5,0.5); 
Alex Gibson +44 7813 810 765 @alexgibson3d 37 Royal Avenue, Reading RG31 4UR admg consulting edumaker limited · Project management · Operations & Process improvement · 3D Printing From: Discuss [mailto:[hidden email]] On Behalf Of Ronaldo Persiano
Sent: 06 February 2018 20:20
To: OpenSCAD general discussion
Subject: Re: [OpenSCAD] Chamfered 3D text Nice; to have the specified height and angle the polygon should be: polygon(points=[[-d,0], [d,0],[0,h]]) 2018-02-06 16:11 GMT-02:00 Frank van der Hulst <[hidden email]>: Varying the second object in Ronaldo's code changes the effect... e.g. the following chamfers at 45 degrees (I think) in the X direction.
chamfer_text("Text","Liberation Sans:style=Bold", 3, 10);
module chamfer_text(text, font, h, ang) {
d = h*tan(ang);
minkowski(){
linear_extrude(height=h*0.0001)
offset(-d)
text(text, font=font);
rotate([90,0,0])
linear_extrude(d) polygon(points=[[-d,0], [d,0],[0,d]]);
}
} On Wed, Feb 7, 2018 at 3:59 AM, Ronaldo Persiano <[hidden email]> wrote: This is a standard solution. Unhappily, besides the staircase surface, it is more time-consuming than using minkowski because of the union of many objects. It doesn't round corners, though. 2018-02-06 11:35 GMT-02:00 RayBellis <[hidden email]>: This is what I came up with. I didn't try printing with it yet, but I think
it would work:
module Embossed(step = 0.05, height = 1, grad = 0.5) {
for (z = [ 0 : step : height ]) {
translate([0, 0, z])
linear_extrude(height = step)
offset(delta = -z * grad, chamfer = true)
children();
}
};
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This brings up a point I've been meaning to address. The linear extrude function has a "scale" parameter that can scale one end of the extrusion. It seems like a logical and useful addition to this would be an "offset" parameter, that would do the same thing, but offset the other end instead of scaling. It would solve this problem and many others.
Of course, it might take some consideration, obviously, to ensure that it correctly handles areas that become zero-thickness (or negative-thickness) when a negative value for offset it used, as well as ensuring that the resulting object remains manifold when areas merge or holes close up. This makes it more complicated to implement than the existing scale parameter, but I think it would be a worthwhile addition. On February 6, 2018 at 15:13:47, Alex Gibson ([hidden email]) wrote: Here’s my solution to the same problem, using Minkowski… //(c)2018-01-06 Alex Gibson: admg chamfered text module //Licence: Creative Commons [CC BY-SA 4.0] https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ module admg_chamfered_text(some_text_here,text_height,text_depth,chamfer_depth,chamfer_width) { translate([0,0,text_depth-chamfer_depth]) difference() { translate([0,0,-(text_depth-chamfer_depth)]) linear_extrude(text_depth) text(some_text_here,text_height,valign="center",halign="center"); minkowski() { difference() { cube([500,500,text_depth],center=true); translate([0,0,-text_depth]) linear_extrude(text_depth*2) text(some_text_here,text_depth*2,valign="center",halign="center"); } translate([0,0,text_depth/2]) cylinder(chamfer_depth,0,chamfer_width); } } } admg_chamfered_text("hello, world!",20,10,0.5,0.5); 
Alex Gibson +44 7813 810 765 @alexgibson3d 37 Royal Avenue, Reading RG31 4UR admg consulting edumaker limited · Project management · Operations & Process improvement · 3D Printing From: Discuss [mailto:[hidden email]] On Behalf Of Ronaldo Persiano
Sent: 06 February 2018 20:20
To: OpenSCAD general discussion
Subject: Re: [OpenSCAD] Chamfered 3D text Nice; to have the specified height and angle the polygon should be: polygon(points=[[-d,0], [d,0],[0,h]]) 2018-02-06 16:11 GMT-02:00 Frank van der Hulst <[hidden email]>: Varying the second object in Ronaldo's code changes the effect... e.g. the following chamfers at 45 degrees (I think) in the X direction.
chamfer_text("Text","Liberation Sans:style=Bold", 3, 10);
module chamfer_text(text, font, h, ang) {
d = h*tan(ang);
minkowski(){
linear_extrude(height=h*0.0001)
offset(-d)
text(text, font=font);
rotate([90,0,0])
linear_extrude(d) polygon(points=[[-d,0], [d,0],[0,d]]);
}
} On Wed, Feb 7, 2018 at 3:59 AM, Ronaldo Persiano <[hidden email]> wrote: This is a standard solution. Unhappily, besides the staircase surface, it is more time-consuming than using minkowski because of the union of many objects. It doesn't round corners, though. 2018-02-06 11:35 GMT-02:00 RayBellis <[hidden email]>: This is what I came up with. I didn't try printing with it yet, but I think
it would work:
module Embossed(step = 0.05, height = 1, grad = 0.5) {
for (z = [ 0 : step : height ]) {
translate([0, 0, z])
linear_extrude(height = step)
offset(delta = -z * grad, chamfer = true)
children();
}
};
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@Gibson
I guess your second text call should have the same parameters as the first one: text_height instead of text_depth*2.
Anyway, I think you will get the same result with a simpler code:
module admg_chamfered_text1(some_text_here,text_height,text_depth,chamfer_depth,chamfer_width){ linear_extrude(text_depth*2) text(some_text_here,text_height,valign="center",halign="center"); cylinder(chamfer_depth,r1=chamfer_width,r2=0);
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Hi Ronaldo, Sort of. While I’m pretty sure there are some redundancies in my code, it’s actually working slightly differently… Rather than being the minkowski sum of the letters and a cone so that the top surface is the original letter, and letters get wider and with rounded corners, instead I’m using minkowski() to make the equivalent of a tool path to subtract from the letters – the chamfering reduces the top surface and the outer edges of letters are the original font. Does that make sense? Have a look at the 2 side by side.  
Both are potentially useful – I might make an updated 3D text library module that will allow you to select either and emboss or engrave, etc. There’s probably still some unnecessary translations I could weed out and I could potentially subtract from a simple cube rather than fully described letters – this was a rough solution to the same problem the OP was having… Cheers Alex Gibson +44 7813 810 765 @alexgibson3d 37 Royal Avenue, Reading RG31 4UR admg consulting edumaker limited · Project management · Operations & Process improvement · 3D Printing From: Discuss [mailto:[hidden email]] On Behalf Of Ronaldo Persiano
Sent: 07 February 2018 00:28
To: OpenSCAD general discussion
Subject: Re: [OpenSCAD] Chamfered 3D text I guess your second text call should have the same parameters as the first one: text_height instead of text_depth*2. Anyway, I think you will get the same result with a simpler code: module admg_chamfered_text1(some_text_here,text_height,text_depth,chamfer_depth,chamfer_width){ linear_extrude(text_depth*2) text(some_text_here,text_height,valign="center",halign="center"); cylinder(chamfer_depth,r1=chamfer_width,r2=0);
2018-02-06 21:12 GMT-02:00 Alex Gibson <[hidden email]>: Here’s my solution to the same problem, using Minkowski… _______________________________________________
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> The linear extrude function has a "scale" parameter that can scale one end
> of the extrusion. It seems like a logical and useful addition to this
> would be an "offset" parameter, that would do the same thing, but offset
> the other end instead of scaling. It would solve this problem and many
> others.
I totally agree. For my sigil, which I intend to cast, I need all cut-out
vertical walls to be slightly tapered, so that the final wax image does not
break when the sigil is taken off.
An offset parameter rather than a taper parameter would greatly help for
detachable casting models.
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I am quite sure this has been discussed before but I couldn't find the thread. The idea was rejected (or perhaps postponed) exactly because the issues that may arise from offset An offset may change the number of vertices and the topology of a shape. A connected set may become disconnected and holes may disappear.
As the proponent, Whosawwhatis, said: " Of course, it might take some consideration, obviously, to ensure that it correctly handles areas that become zero-thickness (or negative-thickness) when a negative value for offset it used, as well as ensuring that the resulting object remains manifold when areas merge or holes close up. This makes it more complicated to implement than the existing scale parameter, but I think it would be a worthwhile addition."
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